Investigative Genetic Genealogy
Using extracted DNA material in conjunction with traditional genealogy methods to create a family tree is a powerful technique for identifying unknown individuals. Here's a general outline of how this process might unfold:
1. **DNA Extraction and Analysis**: The first step is to extract DNA from the unidentified individual's sample. This DNA can be analyzed to determine the individual's genetic markers, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or short tandem repeats (STRs).
2. **DNA Database Comparison**: The DNA profile obtained from the unidentified individual can be compared against databases of known DNA profiles, such as those maintained by law enforcement agencies or commercial genetic genealogy companies. This step may yield matches with close relatives who have previously submitted their DNA for analysis.
3. **Constructing a Family Tree**: Once potential relatives are identified, genealogists can begin constructing a family tree using traditional genealogy methods. This involves gathering information from public records such as birth certificates, marriage licenses, census data, and obituaries. Genealogical software and online databases can be valuable tools for organizing and analyzing this information.
4. **Genetic Genealogy Analysis**: Genetic genealogy techniques, such as triangulating DNA matches and identifying common ancestors, can be used to refine the family tree and identify potential branches where the unidentified individual may belong. This process may involve contacting living relatives to gather additional information and DNA samples for comparison.
5. **Iterative Process**: Creating a detailed family tree is often an iterative process that requires refining and revising as new information becomes available. It may take time and collaboration with other genealogists and family members to accurately piece together the individual's familial connections.
6. **Identification**: Eventually, through careful analysis and cross-referencing of genetic and genealogical data, the unidentified individual may be positively identified by matching their DNA profile to a specific branch of the family tree. This identification can provide closure to families searching for missing loved ones or help law enforcement solve cold cases.
It's important to note that the success of this approach depends on the availability of DNA databases, the quality of the DNA sample, the completeness of genealogical records, and the willingness of relatives to participate in the identification process. Additionally, ethical considerations regarding privacy and consent should be carefully considered and addressed throughout the process.